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JIA 农经栏目合辑(2017)

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本合辑集选了JIA 2017年发表的农经栏目相关研究论文,内容涵盖粮食安全、气候变化与农业生产、农产品可持续生产、农业保险、生产者行为等话题,欢迎相关领域科研人员惠存,可识别二维码下载全文。



The prospects for China’s food security and imports: Will China starve the world via imports?

中国食物安全与进口展望:中国食物进口会使世界饥饿么?

HUANG Ji-kun, WEI Wei, CUI Qi, XIE Wei

中国食物供给与需求对中国和世界的食物安全都具有重要的影响。本研究综述了中国食物安全展望及其影响的文献,重点关注未来十年的食物贸易。研究结果表明,中国将进一步加强保障国家食物安全的政策支持,同时中国农业生产也将向可持续发展方向转变;大部分预期研究都表明,中国未来十年将增加食物与饲料进口;中国总体食物自给率可能将从2015年的94.5%下降到2025年的91%左右。进口增长最多的是大豆、玉米、糖类以及奶制品。主要食物出口国和很多食物进口的发展中国家的食物生产增产潜力大,再过十年中国食物进口新增量也仅占当年食物消费总量的3-5%,不会威胁全球的食物安全。事实上,中国食物和饲料的进口将为很多农产品出口国提供扩大农业生产的机会,且节约全球资源利用。

Cite this article:   

HUANG Ji-kun, WEI Wei, CUI Qi, XIE Wei. The prospects for China's food security and imports: Will China starve the world via imports? Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(12): 2933-2944.

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Air pollution, food production and food security: A review from the perspective of food system

空气污染、食物生产和粮食安全:从食物系统角度的一个综述

Feifei Sun, DAI Yun, Xiaohua Yu

空气污染会影响粮食安全。本文从食物系统的角度对空气污染和粮食安全的关系做了一个文献综述,强调农业生产和食物供给可以影响空气质量,而且污染可以发生在食物供应链的每一个环节。空气污染不仅会在食物生产环节影响植物生长和动物健康,同时也会改变投入和产出市场的均衡和交易条件,从而影响间接影响粮食安全,并增加价格波动。此外,本文也分别评价了农业和能源政策对粮食安全和空气污染的影响,并提供了一些潜在的政策工具用来减少空气污染,同时保障粮食安全。最后,我们也指出了未来研究和政策关注的主要问题,这包括运用行为经济学方法来干预经济行为,以及农村老龄化对农业生产和空气污染的影响。


Cite this article:   

Feifei Sun, DAI Yun, Xiaohua Yu. Air pollution, food production and food security: A review from the perspective of food system. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(12): 2945-2962.

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A test on adverse selection of farmers in crop insurance: Results from Inner Mongolia, China

农作物保险中农户逆向选择的检验——基于内蒙古微观农户数据的实证研究

ZHAO Yuan-feng, CHAI Zhi-hui, Michael S. Delgado, Paul V. Preckel

逆向选择是农业保险面临的经营风险之一。本文利用内蒙古自治区农户的调查数据,采用非参数分析方法和计量经济模型对农户的农业生产条件和其保险参与决策之间的关系进行检验,结果显示:在现行农业保险制度设计下农户的确存在逆向选择行为,但其并不严重,原因是“协议”理赔的存在和各级政府对农户的大规模保费补贴;风险区划、多样化的保险合约以及产品创新则有利于减少农户逆向选择问题。


Cite this article:   

ZHAO Yuan-feng, CHAI Zhi-hui, Michael S. Delgado, Paul V. Preckel. A test on adverse selection of farmers in crop insurance: Results from Inner Mongolia, China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(02): 478-485.

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Extreme meteorological disaster effects on grain production in Jilin Province, China

极端性气象灾害对中国粮食产量的影响研究

XU Lei, ZHANG Qiao, ZHANG Jing, ZHAO Liang, SUN Wei, JIN Yun-xiang

极端性气象灾害对粮食产量的影响主要是由致灾因子危险度和承灾体易损度相互作用所决定的,其中致灾因子对农业生产系统产生外部冲击,其结果直接表现为农作物的受灾面积,通过分位数回归模型可以刻画出农业巨灾与处在分布尾端的农作物受灾面积之间的关系,进而通过生产函数反映农作物受灾面积在农业自然资源禀赋、农业生产要素投入和农业抗灾能力等内部稳定机制作用下与农作物最终产量之间的关系。实证分析表明,干旱对粮食生产系统的冲击影响呈现“边际损失递减”的基本规律,干旱巨灾将导致吉林省粮食产量减产14.69%。因此,要确保中国粮食安全,必须重视农业防灾、减灾长效机制建设和创新农业灾害风险管理工具产品。


Cite this article:   

XU Lei, ZHANG Qiao, ZHANG Jing, ZHAO Liang, SUN Wei, JIN Yun-xiang . Extreme meteorological disaster effects on grain production in Jilin Province, China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(02): 486-496.

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Modeling the effects of urbanization on grain production and consumption in China

城镇化对中国粮食供需的情景模拟

LU Wen-cong, Chen Ning-lu, Qian Wen-xin

城镇化对中国食品安全的影响在学术界已经获得了广泛的关注。但是中国能否在快速城镇化的背景下维持中国的食品安全,特别是粮食安全,还有待考察。许多文献都从单方面检验了城镇化对我国粮食生产或者是消费的影响,但是鲜有文献同时从两方面对我国粮食供求进行探讨。基于中国全球农业地区市场均衡模型(Chinese World Agricultural Regional Market Equilibrium Model , 简称CWARMEM),本文通过不同情景的设置,考察了城镇化对中国各省粮食均衡的影响。CWARMEM是一个同时刻画了城乡居民特征和全球化效应的局部均衡模型。本文结果显示:城镇化对粮食安全虽然有负面影响,但是影响程度比较小。此外,中国未来能够实现其政策制定者的设定的粮食安全目标。而且,城镇化将改变中国粮食区域供求关系:东北和华北地区作为中国两个最大的粮食剩余区的地位将被弱化,中南地区和华东地区对外的粮食依赖度将增加,东北地区的粮食剩余将略有增加。值得一提的是,从粮食种类而言,城镇化将使得口粮(水稻和小麦)自给率提高,而饲料粮(玉米)缺口扩大。


Cite this article:   

LU Wen-cong, Chen Ning-lu, Qian Wen-xin. Modeling the effects of urbanization on grain production and consumption in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(06): 1393-1405.

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Factors influencing farmers’ participation in crop intensification program in Rwanda

卢旺达农民参与作物生产提升计划的影响因素分析

Alphonse Nahayo, Morris O. Omondi, ZHANG Xu-hui, LI Lian-qing, PAN Gen-xing, Stephen Joseph

卢旺达农牧业部2007年启动旨在克服耕地破碎化、农业投入不足和科技推广不普及等限制的作物生产提升计划。鉴于该计划是志愿参与而农民常常表现出不自愿参与,本研究分析和评价影响卢旺达农民参与该计划的各种因素。在卢旺达的Mayange and Rusarabuye地区进行了农户问卷调查,收集了340份答卷。采用描述性指标的统计及其基础上的回归模型方法分析农民参与该计划的因素。结果表明,显著影响卢旺达农民参与作物生产提升计划的因素包括:性别、非农收入、耕地面积、农作经验、土地经营权、市场机制、信用以及农业生态条件。非农收入关系到可用于农业的投资,因而正向提高农民的参与积极性。就土地经营权限来说,拥有(继承或者购买)耕地的农民显著地提高参与积极性,因为其土地的权属关系到其持久效益。但是,农机化服务和灌溉条件不足、农机推广服务不完善、计划规划阶段农民没有参与、农业投入不足以及产后加工不发达,都显著地阻碍了农民参与该计划的积极性。因此,农民与社区领导者、推广机构和农业服务经营商间的密切合作,灌溉和农机操作的实际技能培训,都能显著地推动农民投入该项计划的积极性。因此,从政策考虑,继续自下而上的组织和教育、完善农业科技推广服务网络以使农民掌握良好农作实践,是农民自愿地参与农业提升计划的最基本和急迫的需求。

Cite this article:   

Alphonse Nahayo, Morris O. Omondi, ZHANG Xu-hui, LI Lian-qing, PAN Gen-xing, Stephen Joseph. Factors influencing farmers’ participation in crop intensification program in Rwanda. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(06): 1406-1416.

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Farmer behavior and perceptions to alternative scenarios in a highly intensive agricultural region, south central China

高集约化农业区未来不同景观情景下的农户行为与意识分析

LI Hong-qing, ZHENG Fei, ZHAO Yao-yang

高集约化农业造成水环境质量下降、土壤污染等非点源污染问题,亟需制定合理的规划保证未来农业可持续发展。本文采用“压力-状态-响应”模型,以湖南省洞庭湖高集约化农业区金井镇为案例,2009年和2011年调研农户对农业发展和环境保护的态度与意识,分析显示农户行为和意识具有复杂性和相互冲突性,不同的农户行为和意识影响未来土地利用环境效应。基于调研结果,结合标准景观情景方法本文设计出基于农产品产量提升的情景1和基于水环境质量提升的情景2,2013年再次调研农户对设计的未来景观情景的反馈,结果显示基于农户行为调控未来农业景观情景1或者情景2是可以实现的,情景1的设计更为农户所接受,情景2良好的生态环境是农户所期望的;同时二元逻辑回归模型显示增加农业收益和新技术推广是影响农户行为变化的最主要的因素,因此本文提出了完善粮食价格与农业补贴机制、生态建设与生态补偿机制等农户、农业和土地相关政策。本研究成果有助于了解未来不同农业景观情景下农户行为与意识,提出的农业景观情景和政策可为决策者或相关利益者规划未来农业发展、生态环境保护和土地利用模式提供直接的参考依据。

Cite this article:   

LI Hong-qing, ZHENG Fei, ZHAO Yao-yang. Farmer behavior and perceptions to alternative scenarios in a highly intensive agricultural region, south central China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(08): 1852-1864.

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Efficiency and productivity analysis of vegetable farming within root and tuber-based systems in the humid tropics of Cameroon

Ajapnwa Akamin, Jean-Claude Bidogeza, Jules René Minkoua N, Victor Afari-Sefa

The study analyzes the technical efficiency of vegetable farmers in root and tuber-based farming systems within selected sites of the humid tropics of Cameroon. Multistage sampling was used to collect primary data from a cross-section of vegetable farmers drawn from eight selected sites in Santa sub division, Northwest region of Cameroon. Stochastic frontier analysis was used to estimate the technical efficiency of vegetable farmer and to examine its determinants. The results showed that farmyard manure was the most productive factor input, followed by farm equipment and labor. The mean technical efficiency level was 67%, revealing production shortfalls and indicating possibilities of significantly increasing production with the current input levels. Female, as well as more educated farmers were found to be significantly more efficient than their counterparts. The results also showed that farmers become less technical efficient as farm sizes become larger. Our study findings suggest that smallholder farmers’ access to manure, farm implements, and increased women participation in vegetable farming, will produce huge payoffs in vegetable production efficiency in Cameroon.


Cite this article:   

Ajapnwa Akamin, Jean-Claude Bidogeza, Jules René Minkoua N, Victor Afari-Sefa. Efficiency and productivity analysis of vegetable farming within root and tuber-based systems in the humid tropics of Cameroon. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(08): 1865-1873.

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Rice variety improvement and the contribution of foreign germplasms in China

SHI Xiao-hua, HU Rui-fa

The introduction and use of foreign germplasms have played an important role in the improvement of crop varieties in China. Based on published data and interviews of scientists, we collected data on the sown area, morphological characteristics, and pedigree of the popular rice varieties grown in the 16 major rice production provinces in China, from 1982 to 2011. Results showed that China’s scientists developed the largest number of rice varieties worldwide, and that rice yield potential and grain quality have substantiality improved during the studied period. In contrast, newly-released varieties’ resistance to diseases and insects has decreased since the 1990s.  The germplasms from the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and from Japan have contributed 16.4 and 11.2% of genetic materials to China’s rice production from 1982 to 2011, respectively. While IRRI’s materials contributed to the improvement of yield potential, growth duration, and blast and bacterial blight resistance, Japan’s materials contributed to the improvement of grain quality. Materials from other countries contributed to the improvement of resistance to diseases and insects, particularly to rice blast disease, brown plant hoppers, white-backed plant hoppers, and striped stem borers.


Cite this article:       

SHI Xiao-hua, HU Rui-fa. Rice variety improvement and the contribution of foreign germplasms in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(10): 2337-2345.  

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The impact of Bt cotton adoption on the stability of pesticide use

转基因抗虫棉采用对农药使用稳定性的影响

QIAO Fang-bin, HUANG Ji-kun, WANG Shu-kun, LI Qiang

在本文中,我们使用了在1999年至2012年期间通过七次农户调研收集到的面板数据。本文的研究表明转基因抗虫棉的采用不仅导致农药平均值的下降,而且还导致农药使用方差的下降。换言之,我们的结论表明转基因抗虫棉的采用也有助于棉花生产中农药使用的稳定性。得益于跨度长的面板数据,我们相信本文的研究结论无论在理论上还是在实践中都有重要意义。

Cite this article:   

QIAO Fang-bin, HUANG Ji-kun, WANG Shu-kun, LI Qiang. The impact of Bt cotton adoption on the stability of pesticide use. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(10): 2346-2356.

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